I'm reading an interesting book by recording engineer, Bobby Owsinski, written 20 years ago, but updated, now a 5th edition. Sometimes I find it useful for someone to put into words what I've been thinking. I like what he says about a song's elements:
There are 5: Foundation | Pad | Rhythm | Lead | Fills. 
1) FOUNDATION is the bass and drums.
2) PAD are long sustaining notes like synthesizer string patches. Owsinski calls them the "glue".
3) RHYTHM can be percussive like a tambourine or a guitar. O. says it adds "motion".
4) LEAD is the vocals or lead instruments.
5) FILLS are short lines that fit between Lead lines. They can also be a re-occuring signature line.

I've always figured 3 elements in my scheme.
1) Tempo is the song's beats per minute + beats in a measure for example 4/4 @ 105bpm or 3/4 @ 70bpm or 12/8 at 200. For me tempo is just about keeping time.
2) Rhythm is there to support the Melody. I usually think of it in terms of playing chords. The chords can be on one instrument or constructed with many. For me it creates a field that keeps the beat allowing melodic lines  to play in and around the tempo.
3) Melody plays thru a rhythm, a rhythm that is dependent on the tempo. It's usually solo notes, but it can be harmonic in structure as well.

Parts of a Song: Essentially a song is composed of some or all of these. They are:
1) Intro - May contain melodic elements of verse and/or chorus.
2) Verse - If lyrics are involved in the melody they usually change amongst verses.
3) Chorus - If  lyrics are involved in the melody they usually remain constant.
4) Mid section - Can be some variation on verses or choruses, but is still recognizably different.
5) Outro - Possibly a repeat of intro or as simple as a fade out.

The parts don't necessarily need to be in this order. Some songs may start with the Chorus.. And songs don't need to contain all the parts. Some songs are just verses and choruses.

And songs have a Dynamic Range: this refers both to Pitch and SPL.
Pitch refers to the frequencies of the instruments playing. Except for a piano, which encompasses virtually the entire range of frequencies humans can hear from about 30 Hz to 4000 Hz, musical instruments are bound by parameters of specific type. So Bass guitars and such are at the low end. Piccolos at the high end. The vast majority lie in the middle ranges. 
SPL (sound pressure level) is simply the volume. It's measure is in decibels (dbs). Both of these items play an important part in the arrangement, recording and production of a song.

Finally I also see two basic types of music when I play: 1) Jamming for fun 2) Performance Level
With Jamming the purpose is to hang out with friends and just play some music or warming up. Musicians come to Jam sessions generally knowing the songs they'll play. And/or bring some sort of sheet music or chart for songs lesser known. Generally in Jam sessions everybody starts playing at the first bar or so of music until the last bar. Jam sessions usually don't consider musical dynamics particularly the ones O. writes about. And that's fine for Jamming.
Performance level as you might have guessed at this point is much different. It incorporates and considers and charts out a song using the mentioned elements. For our recordings at Twisst we obviously want Performance level for all our recordings.

Think 4 - 4 - 4 That's 2 four-hour rehearsals. The first one is orientation. This is where we chart out the arrangement of a song in terms of Elements. We might even "jam" a bit to see how the elements work together. It'll be a mix of some set arrangements and some exploratory. Musicians then go home and work solo in prep for the next 4-hour session which is final rehearsal. This is where musicians go home and learn their parts readied for the 4-hour recording session..

 That the Twisst organization produce a catalog of both popular cover songs, in accordance with all copyright laws, as well as original music. By Spring 2025 the  Twisst catalog will have a least 5 covers and several originals, and an entourage of 6-12 musicians.

Twisst will collaborate and/or sponsor musicians who have vision for songs or events. 
If you have an idea for a Cover song, let me know. Before we can proceed, I first need to apply for a Cover license. That usually takes about 2-3 days. The cost in time and fees is $100/song - which the studio covers. In accordance with Twisst's payout rules, Twisstudios will cover the costs 2 musicians for the standard production schedule. And in addition to any royalties that pursue we will collect one share.  AND there needs to be a lead arranger on the song. In other words someone who's using the Twisst philosophy with the production.